Unfortunately, the short answer is no.
Servers can be assigned to multiple pools, and the mapping between vips and pools can be extremely flexible (via irules and Local Traffic Policies). This makes it hard to work backward from nodes to virtuals.
The long (and very limited) answer is ...
Start with
tmsh -q -c "list ltm pool one-line" | grep <node ip>
shove it through awk
tmsh -q -c "list ltm pool one-line" | grep <node ip> | awk '{print $3}'
to get a list of pool names that contain the specific node IP (or name) as members.
Then we can use a bash loop to pump those names into a similar command to look at virtuals searching on pool names ...
tmsh -q -c "list ltm virtual one-line" | grep <pool name> | awk '{print $3}'
Putting that all together:
for i in $( tmsh -q -c "list ltm pool one-line" | grep <node ip or name> | awk '{print $3}'); do echo $(tmsh -q -c "list ltm virtual one-line" | grep $i | awk '{print $3}') ; done
Note: this only works for nodes and pools that are the default pool on a virtual