The answer is, it depends.. and it isn't linear.
AFM will generally be processed first as Global rules occur before a VS is serviced. (if you have global rules configured)
https://support.f5.com/kb/en-us/products/big-ip-afm/manuals/product/network-firewall-policies-implementations-11-5-0/2.html
Once the VIP is processed it will side step and assess ASM and APM policies if configured, before continuing to process the rest of the VS (assuming ASM and APM policies have permitted the flow) I can't comment on which gets processed first out of ASM and APM.
As to seeing a document to explain this, I've not seen one either so not sure if this information is useful to you.
Related to this and quite useful is the iRule processing order. This is not an exhaustive list of all events but useful nonetheless:
iRule Event Order - HTTPS/SSL - Client & Server Side